Inorganic elements
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Fluorine (F) |
9 |
[He] 2s22p5 |
-1 |
19.00 |
| Chlorine (Cl) |
17 |
[Ne] 3s23p5 |
-1, +1, +4, +5, +6, +7 |
35.453 |
| Bromine (Br) |
35 |
[Ar] 3d104S24p5 |
-1, +1, +3, +5 |
79.909 |
| Iodine (I) |
53 |
[Kr] 4d105s25p5 |
-1, +1, +5, +7 |
126.90 |
| Astatine (At) |
85 |
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p5 |
-1, +1, +3, +5, +7 |
210* |
Fluorine
(group VIIB, Halogens)
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Fluorine (F) |
9 |
[He] 2s22p5 |
-1 |
19.00 |
Chlorine
(group VIIB, Halogens)
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Chlorine (Cl) |
17 |
[Ne] 3s23p5 |
-1, +1, +4, +5, +6, +7 |
35.453 |
 |
Oxygenated compounds of chlorine.
| Chlorate (ClO3-, ox. No. = +5.
The ending -ate means normal oxygen content. |
| Chlorite (ClO2-, ox. No. = +3. The
ending -ite means lower oxygen content. |
| Hypochlorite (ClO-, ox. No. = +1). The prefix
hypo- means even lower oxygen content. |
| Perchlorate (ClO4-, ox. No. = +7).
The prefix per- means higher oxygen content. |
In the IUPAC nomenclature no prefix is used but the number of oxygen
along with the oxidation number of Cl is given:
| chloric acid (HClO3) ===> hydrogen chlorate |
| Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) ===> sodium
trioxochlorate (V) |
| |
| chlorous acid (HClO2) ===> hydrogen chlorite |
| Sodium chlorite (NaClO2) ===> sodium
dioxochlorate (III) |
| |
| Hydrogen perchlorate (HClO4) ===> perchloric
acid |
| Sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) ===> sodium
tetraoxochlorate (VII) |
| |
| Hydrogen hypochlorite (HClO) ===> hypochlorous
acid |
| Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) ===> sodium oxochlorate
(I) |
|
Bromine
(group VIIB, Halogens)
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Bromine (Br) |
35 |
[Ar] 3d104S24p5 |
-1, +1, +3, +5 |
79.909 |
Iodine
(group VIIB, Halogens)
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Iodine (I) |
53 |
[Kr] 4d105s25p5 |
-1, +1, +5, +7 |
126.90 |
|
Oxygenated compounds of iodine.
| Iodic acid: HIO3 ==> Iodate anion:
IO3- |
| |
| Hypoiodous acid: HOI ==> Hypoiodite anion: IO- |
| |
| Iodine pentoxide: I2O5 |
|
Astatine
(group VIIB, Halogens)
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Electron configuration
|
Oxidation numbers
|
Atomic Weight |
| Astatine (At) |
85 |
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p5 |
-1, +1, +3, +5, +7 |
210* |
Halides are chemical binary compounds of a halogen with a more
electropositive element or group. E.g.
KBr (potassium bromide), NaCl (sodium chloride).
Some compound resembles halogen in their chemistry and are known as pseudohalogens,
e.g.
cyanogen: (CN)2, thiocyanogen: (SCN)2,
iodine cyanide: ICN.
Ions deriving from these compounds have sufficient resemblance to halide ions
are sometimes referred to as pseudohalide ions. E.g.
Azide: (N=N=N)-, thiocyanate: SCN-,
cyanide: CN-.
Notes: The -ide ending is caractherisitic of binary compounds but it
is used for historical reasons. For example, for many years, the cyanide ion
was believed to be another halide ion.