English Version

These instructions are also available in a downloadable PDF format for your convenience.

Contextualized Instructions for Participants

The following statements are about the robot, its behaviors, and its functioning. Please indicate the degree to which you disagree or agree with these statements (from 1 "Strongly disagree" to 7 "Strongly agree").

Non-contextualized Instructions for Participants

Please indicate the degree to which you disagree or agree with the following statements (from 1 "Strongly disagree" to 7 "Strongly agree").

Scoring Instructions

By default, this questionnaire uses a 7-point Likert scale (labels based on Taherdoost, 2019; Wade et al., 2006):

1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Strongly disagree	Disagree	Somewhat disagree	Neither agree nor disagree	Somewhat agree	Agree	Strongly agree

The scale can be converted to a 5-point Likert scale using the following scaling (though authors strongly recommend keeping the 7-point format for optimal balance between usability and accuracy):

1	2	3	4	5
Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neither agree nor disagree	Agree	Strongly agree

Administration Instructions

The order of presented items should ideally be randomized.

Scoring Methodology

Subscale (dimension) scores are calculated by averaging the ratings of items within each subscale. A composite transparency score can be calculated by averaging the three subscale scores.

Scale Items

Factors	Items
Illegibility	The robot's overall functioning is a mystery to me.
	It is hard to make sense of the robot's general functioning.
	It is difficult to get a clear picture of the robot's overall operations
	I am confused about the robot's general objectives.
	I am unsure what the robot does.
	I cannot comprehend the robot's inner processes.
	I cannot explain the robot's behavior.
	It is impossible to know what the robot does.
	It is clear to me what the robot does. (R)
	I have a clear understanding of how the robot operates in general. (R)
Explainability	I feel like the robot's explanations are useful.
	The robot explains complex tasks in a way that is easy to understand.
	The robot provides detailed explanations of its actions.
	The robot provides clear explanations for its actions.
	The robot's explanations for its actions are straightforward.
	I feel informed about the robot's activities.
	The robot conveys its overall state effectively.
Predictability	It is easy for me to foresee the robot's future actions.
	The robot's behavior is predictable.
	I feel confident in predicting the robot's next moves.
	It is easy to anticipate what will follow the robot's behavior.
	It is difficult for me to tell what the robot will do next. (R)
	The robot's next steps are clear to me.
	The robot's actions are obvious.
	The robot provides cues that help predict its next actions.
	The robot's behavior does not help predict what it will do next. (R)

Note: (R) indicates reverse-coded items that require score inversion before analysis.